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Introduction of Family Members of Elemental Carbon

There are many members in carbon family, and diamond and graphite of them are common several members we often meet.

From: www.iabrasive.comDate: 2015-11-17 08:53:42Views: 897

There are many members in carbon family, and diamond and graphite of them are common several members we often meet.

Diamond is commonly known as the body of the diamond we often say. It is a kind of mineral composed of carbon elements. Diamond is the hardest substance currently found on earth among many naturally occurring substances. Diamond has a very wide range of uses, such as handicrafts, cutting tools in the industry and precious stones.

Diamond has all sorts of colors, from colorless to black, and the colorless is the best. They can be transparent, and also can be translucent or opaque. Many diamonds are shown in yellow, which is mainly because diamonds contain the impurities. The refractive index of diamond is very high, and the dispersion performance is also very strong, which is why diamond can reflect colorful light. Diamond native ores are only produced in kimberlite or a minority of potassium magnesium lamprophyre. Kimberlite is their parent rock, and diamonds in other parts are moved by rivers and glaciers. The diamond is commonly granular.

Graphite is also one of carbon allotropes, and it is soft, dark gray, and has a greasy feeling. Under the condition of isolating oxygen, its melting point is above 3000 ℃, and is one of the most heat-resistant minerals. Graphite can conduct electricity and heat conduction, so it is widely used in the life and production, which is a good refractory materials, conductive materials and lubrication materials, and it can be used as a pencil lead, pigment, polishes, electrodes, etc. For example, industrial electrolytic aluminum is made from graphite as the electrode.

The properties of graphite and diamond are quite different, but people have been able to use synthetic method to use graphite for diamond. Graphite can be transformed into diamond powder if metals such as iron, cobalt, nickel are as catalyst under 50000-60000 atmospheric pressure and high temperature from 1000 to 2000 degrees Celsius. A dozen countries around the world have the synthetic diamond (including our country). But this kind of diamond particles is so fine, whose main purpose is to do abrasives, used for cutting and geology, oil drilling bit. At present, the consumption of the world diamonds, 80% of synthetic diamonds are mainly used in industry, whose production is also far more than the production of natural diamond.

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